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Bandsaw
A machine that uses a long strip of steel welded
into a loop with teeth cut into one or both edges to cut wood, metal,
plastic, or other materials.
Board Feet
The volume measurement of lumber. One board foot
measures 1 inch thick by 1 foot wide by 1 foot long. The formula for
computing board feet is T x W x L / 12 where T= thickness in inches,
W=width in inches, and L=length in feet.
Bunk
A device used to hold a log up off the ground or on
a carriage or other sawing device.
Cant
A log that has been squared on two or more sides but
still needs processing to make it into lumber
Cant hook
A device used for rolling cants or logs. Many people
mistake a cant hook for a peavey. The difference is that a cant hook
doesn't have a point on the end like a peavey.
Carbide
A compound of carbon and other materials that is
super hard. There are various grades of carbide depending on the
application. In saw teeth they are brazed to the saw blade and ground to
the proper configuration. These teeth are very hard and stay sharp longer
than other types of teeth. They have a tendency to be brittle.
Carriage
A framework on wheels that allows movement of a log
back and forth past the saw blade.
Circle saw
A machine that uses a flat thin disk with teeth cut
into the outer edge to saw wood, plastic, metal, or other materials.
Dog
A device used to hold a log in place while it is
being sawn.
Edger
A machine used to cut straight edges on flitches and
also used to rip boards into smaller pieces.
Flitch
A piece of wood cut off a log that has two flat
sides but still needs to be sawn on one or two edges.
Head rig
The main breakdown saw in a sawmill. This saw cuts
logs into cants that can be processed further by edgers and resaws.
Lead
The amount of angle a sawblade has in relation to
the sawing plane. Most circle sawmills are set to "lead into the
log". The front cutting edge of the saw is set closer to the log than
the back edge. The amount of lead is usually between 0 and 1/16 of an inch
on saws of 40 to 60 inches in diameter. The amount varies depending on
species, sawing conditions, feed speeds, and other variables.
Peavey
A tool used for rolling logs. Similar to a cant
hook.
Pitch
The sticky resinous substance that oozes out of
logs.
Pitch
The number of teeth per inch on a saw blade or band.
Quarter sawn
A method of sawing lumber to produce vertical grain
lumber with no boxed heart. Boards are sawn on approximately radial lines
from the center of the log.
Resaw
A saw used to continue the breakdown of logs into
lumber. These saws can be circle or bandsaws and come in a variety of
orientations. They can process cants, slabs, or boards into smaller
thinner pieces.
Scale
The volume of a log or lumber in board feet or other
units of measurement.
Scribner
A particular log scale rule. The Scribner scale has
several different styles called a, b, and c. These were developed for logs
smaller than 12 inch diameter because the original rule didn't take those
sizes into account. There is another style of the rule called decimal.
This means that log volumes are rounded to the nearest ten board feet. The
most common Scribner rule is Scribner Decimal C.
Set
The difference between the thickness of the tooth in
a saw and the thickness of the blade of the saw. Proper set is extremely
important in saw maintenance. There are two types of set, Spring set and
Swage set. Spring set means the teeth have been bent one way or another.
Swage set means the teeth have been widened in both directions.
Set works
The device on a carriage that is used to
incrementally move the log toward the saw.
Slab
The piece of wood cut off a log that is round on one
side and flat on the other. These are produced from the first cuts on logs
and the edging of flitches. They can be used for firewood, siding, or can
be processed into lumber if large enough.
Splitter
The device behind a circle saw that keeps the two
pieces from binding together on the saw. These can be fixed or can be
rotating.
Setellite
An alloy that is welded on to saw blade tips that is
tough hard and durable. A bead is welded on and ground into the shape of a
tooth. It is generally cheaper than carbide, less brittle than carbide,
but somewhat softer than carbide.
Swage
A tool used to spread the end of a saw tooth to a
width greater than the thickness of the saw blade. This is used to provide
proper set in a saw.
Taper
The difference between the diameter of the large end
of a log and the diameter of the small end of the log.
Vertical grain
Lumber sawn at approximately right angles to the
annual growth rings so that the rings form and angle of 45 degrees or more
with the surface of the piece. Also called edge grain and rift grain.
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